The Television System of Paul Nipkow

German engineering student, Paul Nipkow proposed and patented the worlds first mechanical television system in 1884. Paul Nipkow devised the notion of dissecting the image and transmitting it sequentially. To do this he designed the first television scanning device. Paul Nipkow was the first person to discover televisions scanning principle, in which the light intensities of small portions of an image are successively analyzed and transmitted. In 1873, the photoconductive  properties of the element selenium were discovered, the fact that seleniums electrical conduction varied with the amount of illumination it received. Paul Nipkow created a rotating scanning disk camera called the Nipkow disk, a device for picture analyzation that consisted of a rapidly rotating disk placed between a scene and a light sensitive selenium element. The image had only 18 lines of resolution. Nipkow Disk According to R. J. Reiman author of Who Invented Television: The Nipkow disk was a rotating disk with holes arranged in a spiral around its edge. Light passing through the holes as the disk rotated produced a rectangular scanning pattern or raster which could be used to either generate an electrical signal from the scene for transmitting or to produce an image from the signal at the receiver. As the disk rotated, the image was scanned by the perforations in the disk, and light from different portions of it passed to a selenium photocell. The number of scanned lines was equal to the number of perforations and each rotation of the disk produced a television frame. In the receiver, the brightness of the light source would be varied by the signal voltage. Again, the light passed through a synchronously rotating perforated disk and formed a raster on the projection screen. Mechanical viewers had the serious limitation of resolution and brightness. No one is sure if Paul Nipkow actually built a working prototype of his television system. It would take the development of the amplification tube in 1907 before the Nipkow Disk could become practical. All mechanical television systems were outmoded in 1934 by electronic television systems.

“Does It Dry Up Like A Raisin In The Sun” Asked Langston

â€Å"Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?† asked Langston Hughes. Lorraine Hansberry wrote A Raisin in the Sun inspired by Langton Hughes poem â€Å"Harlem†. A Raisin in the Sun captures the life of a black family who wants the American dream. The Younger family resided on the south side of Chicago, struggling in poverty, trying to maintain their pride, while dreaming to live better. Father’s $10,000 insurance check will help them reach that dream. As the plot of the play unfolds gender roles is a theme that help tells the story of the Younger family reaching their dream. This play shows how responsibilities, jobs, and actions are already pre-designed for men and women in a family. In a family, everyone has a responsibility, in order for a†¦show more content†¦This shows that we are still humans and can sometimes fall by the waist side and have to be reminded of responsibilities. Women have just as many responsibilities as men, which are sometimes overlooked and thought of as nothing. Women are known to be domestic women, especially during the 1950’s. Women are supposed to make the man/head of the family job easier in any way. There were three women in the Younger family, Ruth Younger, Walter’s wife, who is responsible for the Younger’s apartment. She loves her husband, God, and cherishes her morals. She does her best to make sure her family is taken care of. Then there is Beneatha Younger, Walter’s sister. Beneatha is the eccentric one, one who wants to break the stereotype of what women should do and become educated. Beneatha’s mind is far from being a domestic wife. Joseph Asagai, who courts the attention of Beneatha recognizes her desire for knowledge and nicknames her, â€Å"Alaiyo† or â€Å"One for whom bread- food- is not enough.† All of her knowledge causes her to criticize God, which is a big no, she tells her mother, â€Å"Mama, you don t understand. It s all a matter of ideas, and God is just one idea I don t accept. It s not important. I am not going out and be immoral or commit crimes because I don t believe in God. I don t even think about it. It s just that I get tired of Him getting credit for all the things the human race achieves through its own stubborn effort.Show MoreRelatedTheme Of Dreams In Harlem By Langston Hughes870 Words   |  4 Pagesthe poem â€Å"Harlem,† Langston Hughes, through literary technique, raises strong themes through a short amount of language Hughes is asking what happens to a dream that is being put off. What do these dreams do, do they do good, do they do bad, or do they do neither good nor bad? He continues by stating this simile: â€Å"Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Using this simile, he is stating that dreaming can be good or bad. A raisin is a grape that has been dehydrated by the sun. Hughes is conveyingRead MoreMontage Of A Dream Deferred By Langston Hughes946 Words   |  4 Pages Many of the poems within â€Å"Montage of a Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes contain great meaning as well as emotion embedded within them. Whether they are 3 lines or 20 lines long, vivid images and explanations follow. The main focus of the series of poems are centralized on African Americans living in Harlem in the 20’s and on and their opposition from the rest. The motif in nearly all poems express discrimination, daily activities, and African American’s struggle for equality. Out of all poemsRead MoreAfrican American Poems : The Poetry Of Langston Hughes934 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes was one of the African Americans, who embraced and uplift his own culture during the Harlem Renaissance (New Negro Movement). As an African American female, Hughes is my favorite poet because his poems talk about what was happening then. They were issues that needed to be addressed and not hidden. I decided to visualize myself as Langston Hughes, and asked if I was him, what reason would I have to write these poems? What am I trying to tell my audience? The reason is simple. My answerRead MoreA Brief Look at Langston Hughes1413 Words   |  6 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go throughRead MorePoetry for a Generation1184 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen on the blacklist all our lives. Censorship for us begins at the color line† (AfricanAmericanQuotes). Langston Hughes was an African American poet who made poetry that reflected what he witnessed in the urban communities throughout his life. Langston Hughes’ poetry spoke the words, feelings, and hardships that African Americans had to live with on a day to day basis. Though bi-racial, Langston Hughes knew very clearly what was hard for the typical African American, what was emotional unsettlingRead MoreDreams in Langston Hughes Poems1401 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go through and what they hadRead MoreA Start For The End. My Personal Response To The Langston1066 Words   |  5 PagesA Start for the End My personal response to the Langston Hughes poems is very inspiring. Langston Hughes writes about the struggles of the working minority, people that are suffering from unfair labor and discrimination. His impact is so real and positive that it is almost impossible to have no response. He poured his life into these poems and that is clearly noticeable. Hughes’s poems were a start for the end. Hughes’s first poem is â€Å"Open Letter to the South†. He starts off with saying â€Å"White workersRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun - Paper 22144 Words   |  9 PagesA Raisin in the Sun â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry is a play centered around an African-American family on the Southside of Chicago set after World War II. This groundbreaking play was the first of its kind revolving around the race relations of the middle of the twentieth century. This play has won over many hearts and minds with its intense drama and relevant storyline. This play’s title is off the poem â€Å"Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes, where Mr. Hughes contemplates on what happensRead MoreEssay about August Wilsons Rose: Surviving the Love and Deception1088 Words   |  5 Pagesshe decides to raise Raynell and by becoming involved in the church. Rose first marries Troy because she knew he would provide for her and the children they would have someday. Rose is determined to make her marriage work, even if it means giving up a little bit of herself in the process. She was certain she would be able to make Troy happy. The fact that Troy is older and confident is an important factor. Troy provides the stability that she needs. Rose was willing to be submissive as longRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Dream By Langston Hughes1909 Words   |  8 Pagessecond poem, Harlem is about the possibilities of what could happen when we postpone our dreams. Both poems do not exactly end with a happy ending, for they show the regret that we will be left with, possibly even death. The poem Dream by Langston Hughes is about following your dreams, because we never know what our near future can become if we do not attempt to accomplish our visions in life. One way to define the word dreams is to refer to them as a reflection of our possibilities that

Description of a city Shower Essay Example For Students

Description of a city Shower Essay Literary critic Claudia Thomas Kairoff (2005) explains that this interest, was for Pope, a way of exploring how to develop good human virtues that in the later years he came to believe that retreat was the only way to nurture such virtue. Kairoff argues that major critics of Popes work such as Kelsall and Landry `overlook the degree to which Popes poems frequently break with conventional assumptions of the rural superiority they apparently celebrate. Instead, argues Kairoff, Popes poetry promoted a `new, professional, non-landed perspective on the country-city ethic, whereby he focussed on the identity of the self amidst a changing world (Kairoff, 2005: p. 15). Further to this, Pope experiments in how history can inform an imaginative understanding of the past. He embarks upon an imaginative journey through the ages, recounting a series of historical events which enabled society to form and prosper. From the time of the Greeks to Rufus in the forests of Dorset, Pope identifies the changing nature of mans relationship with the countryside, often highlighting the indifference of the landscape: `Lo Rufus, tugging at the deadly dart/ Bleeds in the forest, like a wounded hart. (Lines 83-4). In contrast, Swifts portrayal of city life is not historically informed. Rather, the activities within the city are centred around the self and what happens in the immediate vicinity. For example, when the rain threatens the `devoted town. / To shops in crowds the daggled females fly,/ Pretend to cheapen Goods, but nothing buy. There is a pervading sense that people in the city try to continue in their courses of action, as if nothing is out of the ordinary; they are unwilling to recognise the ominous threat of the rain and do not wish to reveal their emotions to one another. For example, the seamstress, well-dressed and `tucked-up reveals only her `haste to escape the rain. There is a definite sense that a man alone in the country has less to fear than a man alone in the city. It is perhaps human nature itself that is the most fearsome, rather than the storm. For Swifts depiction of what he calls a `shower in the title is more aptly described as a storm or flood. This might be a more subtle reference to less known unconscious forces in mans psyche and the undertone of corruption. Rain and floods symbolised a sense of spiritual retribution from a higher order of things. Swift mentions the little detail of her umbrella having `oiled sides; another perhaps symbolic reference to the closed exterior to the personas of city-dwellers. Brendan O Hehir (1960, p. 194) recognised that Swift had drawn extensively from symbolic meanings in Classical literature, most notably the floods in Georgic I which `portended the death of Caesar. In `Windsor Forest Pope experiments with the inversion of traditional uses of space, where `the fox obscene to gaping tombs retires/ And savage howlings fill the sacred quires. (lines 71-2). Similarly, Swift too has an interest in changing the function of city spaces, where shop doorways suddenly become impromptu places to hide from the weather. In the corrupt city of London life operates very much in the present, where people are unwilling to reflect upon their morality, whereas Popes poem allows space for the poet to reflect upon the long slow process of societys evolution over time. The behaviour of the people in Popes poem is very different to the behaviour of the people in Swifts poem. Instead of being closed off to one another, Popes depictions of man involve a more honest and open communication with nature, where `He gathers health from herbs the forest yields/ And of their fragrant physic spoils the fields/ With chymic art exalts the mineral powers/ And draws the aromatic souls of flowers . Pope seeks to examine the root of existence that began with man learning to hunt and continued in the fanatical following of hunting sports in the eighteenth century. .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 , .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 .postImageUrl , .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 , .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03:hover , .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03:visited , .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03:active { border:0!important; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03:active , .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03 .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6469e586ca4fd83a3a9344181272fe03:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Continuation Of Dry September EssayWithin the poem exists a certain beauty in the death of a wild animal, such as the pheasant: the `flames in its breast linking back to the beginning of the poem to Popes reference to the `equal flame in his own breast. In conclusion, Swifts poem about city life is less experimental than Popes portrayal of country life. Swift places more emphasis on the symbolism in his work, caring less for historical significance where a `beau in a box is still like a Greek trapped in a wooden horse because mans nature is essentially corrupt and unchanging. In contrast, Popes message is a little brighter, if not only for his belief in `retreat from society being a way to readdress the balance between man and nature. As critic Kathleen Williams reminds us, Swifts greatest gift was for his ability to present objects as they really existed in life `without heightening or enlarging them, and without adding any imaginary circumstances. In this way of writing Swift excelled. (Williams. Cited in Wharton, 1995, p.209). This comment is reflected in Swifts novels which gave literature some of the earliest forms of realism. In contrast, Pope relied more upon imaginative devices to entertain his reader, where he recounts his version of historical events within the landscape in order to make vivid the changing relationship between man and nature. Both representations of city and country life did reflect pressing problems and concerns of eighteenth-century living. For example, the corruption so acutely symbolised by Swift, and Popes interest in the threat of industrialisation. Perhaps what is most apparent is the contrast between city and country living, where in Swifts London disorder is like the approaching storm only a few minutes away, and in Popes the landscape disorder used to be the natural order of things, before mankind fought to achieve some form of stability.